Years from now, the development community could look back and view this period as the beginning of a golden era, thanks in part to the embrace by business managers of site reliability engineering (SRE).

SRE has quickly become a mainstay of modern software development at some of the most scalable and reliable services on the planet, including Airbnb, Netflix and Google — the last of which kicked off the global discussion and adoption of SRE. The leading edge development practices and principles core to SRE grew out of the need to produce more reliable and resilient sites that were better performing and more secure — all the while they reduced the costs and the public opprobrium associated with outages and security breaches.

Despite that success, a recent survey of 450 site reliability engineers reveals that adoption of SRE at many companies is often stalled by a range of challenges that include the following:

■ The plodding pace at some stages of SRE evolution.

■ Confusion about which service-level objective (SLO) should be considered to measure success.

■ Automation that still requires large chunks of time from site reliability engineers (SREs) to create and maintain code.

■ Lack of vital resources, such as observability tools.

SRE Has Won Over Numerous Companies

Overall, the climate surrounding SRE is extremely positive. Many companies have embraced SRE practices, the survey indicates. Nearly 90% of respondents said that an SRE's role in achieving business success is more recognized today than three years ago. And only 6% of the SREs polled described their companies as immature in terms of SRE adoption.

Additionally, SREs have become more influential within their companies. Half of those surveyed reported that they now dedicate a significant amount of time to influencing architectural design as part of efforts to improve reliability.

More than two-thirds (68%) of SREs said they expect their role in security to become even more central in the future as organizations continue using third-party libraries for cloud-native application development.

Effort to Usher in SRE Often Stymied by Lack of Resources

But not all companies have made this kind of progress. An overwhelming majority of the SREs surveyed (97%) said efforts to implement a dedicated SRE practice at their organizations continue to face obstacles, such as an inability to gain access to new hires or be allowed to upskill existing teams.

Some of the reasons given for the lack of resources include the following:

■ 59% of respondents said companies perceive it as difficult to train or retain existing ITOps team members or sysadmins to become SREs.

■ 51% said SREs are often believed to be expensive and difficult to hire.

■ 43% said finding SRE skills in the market isn't easy.

Even companies committed to SRE run into trouble, especially when it comes time to measure SRE impact.

Confusion Surrounds SLOs

A majority of respondents (81%) said their companies created objectives and key results (OKRs) and key performance indicators (KPIs) to evaluate service levels for applications and infrastructure, while 75% said they rely on service-level objectives (SLOs). Surprisingly, 99% of those polled said establishing SLOs is challenging.

Some of the reasons given for the difficulty include the following:

■ Too many data sources are involved, which can hobble attempts to synthesize disparate data (64%).

■ An overabundance of metrics makes it difficult to find the most relevant measures to use (54%).

■ A lack of monitoring tools prevent the accurate tracking and defining of SLO performance history (36%).

■ An inability to determine what constitutes quality SLO (22%)

In the same way that many of the challenges confronting SREs were revealed in the survey, some of the solutions were unearthed there as well.

Automation Is Beneficial ... Sometimes

Because SREs oversee a growing number of tasks, their time is increasingly stretched thin, according to the report. Automation is key to freeing up more of their time and allowing them to focus on value-added activities, such as designing experiments and running tests to reduce risk of production failure, or ensuring that security vulnerabilities are detected.

According to 85% of the SREs surveyed, the ability to scale SRE practices further across the organization is extremely dependent on the availability of automation and AI capabilities.

In addition, 71% said their companies have increased the use of automation across every part of the development lifecycle, and 61% said automation has major impact on reducing security vulnerabilities. At a time when threat actors are increasingly more sophisticated and ransomware attacks are a plague on business, SREs have begun to drive increased adoption of DevSecOps practices to ensure security is top of mind at every stage of the development lifecycle.

SREs Need Standardized Observability

SREs and company managers also want to build unity across their tool stacks, according to the survey: 85% of SREs want to standardize on the same observability platform from development to operations and security by 2025. The goal is to create a larger number of streamlined solutions that enable SRE and DevOps teams to work together more effectively and eliminate the need to switch between various dashboards.

Among the major takeaways of The State of SRE report is that SREs need the time and resources required to foster greater reliability. Business managers should note that the success of SREs depends largely on making the most of available resources and that means limiting the amount of time SREs spend on low-priority chores. Automation is vital to achieving this, but it can also add to the distractions if SREs spend too much time writing automation scripts.

To supply the kind of deliverables that benefit their companies the most, such as maximizing reliability, resiliency, security, performance, and eventually business outcomes, SREs require platforms that enable them to drive reliability and automation by default, through self-serve and everything-as-code capabilities.